William Wilberforce: the Christian Politician: a Look at How His Faith Influenced His Career and the Abolishment of Slavery

| William Wilberforce: The Christian Politician| A Look at How His Faith Influenced His Career and the Abolishment of Slavery| | â€Å"They took me in the night, ripped me away from my family. Tried my wrists and took my dignity. I was sold for coins like we sell cattle; my ‘owner’ led me to a ship with hundreds more like me, I was cuffed to another, feet to wrists to neck. We were forced on board and sent in between decks and into apartments.As we set out for sea and the days pass, at night I lay in my own waste and during the day I feel nothing but pain and hear nothing but the splash of the waves and the moaning of the others† (Falconbridge 1788) (Ioan Gruffudd 2006). This account of the experience of a slave does not come close to enforcing the reality of the brutality of what these slaves went through. This is, however, what William Wilberforce spent his entire political career, and until his death, to abolish.Through his faith and prominence in the British g overnment in the late 1700s through to the early 1800s he was determined to end this brutality against fellow human beings. In the film Amazing Grace, Wilberforce’ political career was depicted as a great success by his belief in God, his determination, ability to speak in public persuasively with prominence and passion, and the support of his friends and wife; and in this success he was able to fulfill his dream and calling to forever abolish slave trade in the British Empire.In the 2006 film Amazing Grace, director Michael Apted, tells the story of William Wilberforce and his journey from becoming an evangelical Christian and politician, through his movement in parliament for the abolishment of slavery to his success in the abolishment and his death. His character and career is beautifully depicted through his acts and in the way works his way through British parliament in order to fulfill his dream (or calling) of ending the transatlantic slave trade. The film also depicts the influence different people had in his life as a Christian politician.Since his birth in 1759 he lived in pre-Victorian England until his death in 1833. He was actively taking part in parliament from 1780 to 1825, which was time where the upper-class expressed outward Christianity, but also took part in gambling and duelling (White 2008). In 1787 was when Wilberforce seriously started to take part in government; wrote in his diary: â€Å"God Almighty has set before me two great objects, the suppression of the slave trade and the reformation of manners† (Windschuttle 2008) (Colson and Morse 2007); these are the two things he would eventually make a great difference in.At the start of his career in 1780, Wilberforce was just like the other upper-class men in high positions. He visited gentleman’s clubs almost every night, gambling and drinking late into the night. He also became famous for singing at the parties he went to and had a good singing voice (Windschuttle 2 008). Wilberforce converted to evangelical Christianity at the age of twenty six. â€Å"He underwent a process of self-examination, doubt, agony and awakening† (Windschuttle 2008). In the film, he was sitting in a field behind his house early in the morning.He was confused, but sure that faith was the path he was supposed to take, and he professed this in a letter to his good friend and soon to be Prime Minister of England, William Pitt (Ioan Gruffudd 2006). Pitt wanted Wilberforce on his side in government, so he introduced him to some people, including Thomas Clarkson, a slave trade abolitionist all over the world, and Olaudah Equiano, an African who was taken into slavery as a child, bought his freedom and wrote an account of his own experiences in his autobiography called The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equian.This introduction would be the beginning of the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. It was this new committee that opened Wilberforceâ €™s eyes to the possibility of combining his new found faith in evangelical Christianity with his passion for politics. A key belief of evangelism was the idea of providence; that God in involved in every aspect and event in life, no matter how small. For Wilberforce, God gave him a seat in parliament for a reason: â€Å"God Almighty has set before me two great objects, the suppression of the slave trade and the reformation of manners† (Windschuttle 2008).With these two visions in mind he set out with his team to end slavery for once and for all, but it would not be an easy journey, as is depicted in the film. Wilberforce spent over twenty years on this mission, fighting both members of opposition parties in the House of Commons as well as illness and bad physical health (Colson and Morse 2007). Wilberforce also sought out the advice of John Newton, a previous slave ship captain and the writer of the inspiring hymn â€Å"Amazing Grace†. The song itself was quite pr ominent in the film.Not only because it is the title of the film, but also because it can be seen as the anthem for anti-slavery. The song was an inspiration, and a symbol of a new beginning; it can be heard in its lyrics and it can be seen in the events of the film. At the first meeting with Newton, Wilberforce was looking for the advice of a troubled man, one who was â€Å"†¦in the company of twenty thousand Africans† (Ioan Gruffudd 2006) and haunted by his past, yet unable to speak of the horrors he caused.Although Newton did not share his experience with Wilberforce, he did encourage him to take on the challenge that God has set before him by saying â€Å"you have work to do† (Ioan Gruffudd 2006), â€Å"Newton calmed Wilberforce and strengthened his resolve, urging him to combine his new religious beliefs with his existing political career† (Windschuttle 2008). With this conformation of what to do, Wilberforce was ready to take on the abolition of the s lave trade. Wilberforce’s character was attractively depicted in the film.Stating out with his love for animals early on in the film, even in his form of ill wealth, he was willing to get out in the rain to defend a horse that was being beaten (Ioan Gruffudd 2006). His love for animals can be seen throughout the whole film, including multiple dogs and a rabbit. The passion Wilberforce felt for animals, though, does not come close to what he felt for the rights of human beings. A glimpse of this can be seen when Prince William, the Duke of Clarence calls his slave into the club where they were gambling.This inhumanity offended Wilberforce to the point that he could not be in the same building as the Duke and ended the game (Ioan Gruffudd 2006). This was also where he had his revelation of what he should fight for, who he should fight for. To change society is to change the minds and actions of the public. For Wilberforce the key to this layed in the concept of evangelical Chri stianity; â€Å"Evangelicals also believed Christian principles should be applied to all areas of life. Worldly indulgences were to be avoided and leisure was an opportunity not for entertainment but personal renewal† (Windschuttle 2008).This then, left no room for the things that Wilberforce himself once indulged in such as gambling and drunkenness. Britain’s upper-class morality was in decline, so Wilberforce had a proclamation issued by King George ?, with the help of his friend and Prime Minister Pitt and the Archbishop of Canterbury, denouncing impiety and extravagance (Windschuttle 2008) and organized the organization called â€Å"Society for Giving Effect to His Majesty's Proclamation against Vice and Immorality†.This would be the first steps he took towards his goal of the Abolition; Wilberforce needed to â€Å"purify† the minds of society, before he could open their eyes to the inhumanity of the transatlantic slave trade because only when they ar e moral beings with value for life, will they understand the horrors their indulgences (such as sugar) cause. â€Å"It was Wilberforce’s aim to reform the middle and upper classes, and thus end slavery and improve morality† (White 2008).In the film Wilberforce introduces the â€Å"Madagascar†, a slave ship, to a group of upper-class philanthropists as part of his quest to reach out to people about morality and slavery, urging them to open their minds and hearts to the suffering of the slaves being transported in these ships. He shows them the shackles and explains the smell coming from the ship as â€Å"the smell of death† (Ioan Gruffudd 2006). Although, this scene may not be historically accurate in that it may not have happened, the truth is distorted in order to show the importance of reaching the upper-class and the opening of their eyes and minds to the pain their luxury caused.In 1797 Wilberforce wrote a book called A Practical View of the Prevailin g Religious Systems of Professed Christians in the Higher and Middle Classes in this Country Contrasted with Real Christianity whose message spread like wild fire among the middle and upper class society. His rhetoric as well as his writing transformed the way society thought of social matters such as slavery and human rights (and animal rights too! ). Throughout his ventures in reaching out to the public, Wilberforce always kept in mind the will of God, and the goals that He has set before him.And in doing so, he realised, that one task cannot be done without the other as one member of the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade said (in the film) â€Å"If you make the world better in one way, it becomes better in every way†, a statement that is bold, and yet, have truth to it. Change in the world may not always come easy or with immediate results, but no matter how small or big the change, someone will benefit or experience some form of loss from it. For Wilberforceà ¢â‚¬â„¢ society, â€Å"culture needed to change if politics were to change.And only in this cultural change would a society have hope for its future† (White 2008). Wilberforce’s wife, Barbara Spooner, was a great source of inspiration to him in finishing his work for the Abolition. As portrayed in the film, Wilberforce seemed to have given up, until he met the younger Miss. Spooner. She urged him to talk and share his thoughts about the slave trade and ultimately convinced him to give the Abolishment another try (Ioan Gruffudd 2006). She was also there for him during the worst times of his sickness, and the mother of his children.Perseverance was another aspect that pushed Wilberforce to continue. The lawyer James Stephen proposed a change of tactics for the abolitionists. â€Å"Cheating†, according to the film was the new tactic. They would propose a different bill as a start to soften up to House members: The Foreign Slave Trade Bill. This bill would ban the B rits from helping or participating in the slave trade to the French colonies. This was a clever move since the majority of British ships were raising American flags and supplying slaves to foreign colonies with who Britain was at war with (Ioan Gruffudd 2006).The ban would decrease the profits of the captains and various business men and negatively affect the investors who were also involved in the House of Commons. Following this bill was The Slave Trade Act, â€Å"in 1807, Wilberforce finally succeeded in passing a law to end the slave trade. But, his work came to full fruition only in the year of his death, 1833, when all slaves in the British Empire were emancipated† (White 2008). The film makes a great point of the importance of determination and passion for success.These factors are of great importance for promoting positive social change, whether is it the abolition of slave trade or saving child soldiers in Uganda. No cause is small enough to ignore or give up on when it involves the life of a living, breathing being. The film places a great amount of emphasis on the role of Wilberforce in the abolition because he can be seen as a wonderful role model and example for leaders and humanitarians. Although Wilberforce was certainly not the only person nvolved in the abolition of the slave trade, there is surely something to be learned from him. They can learn from his passion, commitment and also from his love for all living things, and made a difference in society, not with a hidden agenda, but with an open heart and mind, the way a Christian should. God sat two tasks before Wilberforce: to reform society, back to one with proper Christian morals and values, and the abolishment of the slave trade. Without a doubt Wilberforce succeeded in both of these tasks, but it was not an easy road to success.Fighting through chronic illness and parliament he fought for about fifty years to complete his calling, but he did not do it without help. His talent for rhetoric and public speaking was his gateway to success, and with the help of many friends including Clarkson, Pitt, Newton, his wife Barbara and the Will of God, he was able to put a stop to the inhumanity of the transatlantic slave trade and the horrors that came with it. He was able to die in peace, knowing that he fulfilled the tasks that he was destined to. Bibliography Colson, Charles, and Anne Morse. The Wilberforce Strategy: Britain's great abolitionist worked to change society's values, not just its laws. † Christianity Today, 2007: 132-318. Falconbridge, Alexander. An Account of Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa. London: James Phillips, 1788. Amazing Grace. Directed by Michael Apted. Performed by Albert Finney, Michael Gambon Ioan Gruffudd. 2006. White, John. â€Å"Christian Responsibility to Reform Society: the Example of William Wilberforce and the Clapham Sect. † Paternoster Periodicals, 2008: 166-172. Windschuttle, Keith. â€Å"William Wilberforce: The Great Emancipator. New Criterion, 2008: 17-24. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. I made this viewpoint up, with the help of the contents in â€Å"An Account of the Slave Trade from the Coast on the Africa† as well as Olaudah Equiano’s account in Amazing Grace. [ 2 ]. It was important for them to connect with the upper-class because that’s where the money and power was, both in terms of authority and of trend. Lower-classes were also reached by Wilberforce and his team and showed great success in changing their society (White 2008).

Eating habit Essay

Abstract This report investigates eating habits among students according to their first meal of the day, plant food intake and amount of junk food they eat. This research was carried out through a questionnaire containing 11 questions related to all the sub-topics mentioned above. The sample was 30 students, males and females from different countries. Content 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Scope 1.3 Aim 1.4 Hypothesis 2. Methodology 3. Results 4. Conclusion 5. Recommendation 6. Bibliography 7. Appendix 1 Introduction Nowadays, eating healthily has been a significant factor in society due to the health risks brought about by modern society such as obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure-which has always been an issue-no healthy breakfast, lack of fruit and vegetable, eating junk food. Related to main and secondary research, this report will whether students eat healthily or  not. 1.1 Background A survey showed that regular breakfast eaters were more likely to take vitamin or mineral supplements on the day they skipped breakfast. In Australia, less than 10% of adults eat a cooked breakfast, the typical breakfast is based on cereal, bread, milk and fruit (including juice). Furthermore, women were more likely to eat fruit and less likely to eat sugar and honey than men. (Williams.P.G., 2002) Plant food (vegetable and fruit) now are being recognised by more and more health experts as providing important health benefit, including decreased risk of disease such as heart disease, many kinds of cancers and type-2 diabetes. However, the consumption of plant food in many developed countries including Australia, does not meet recommended levels (Lea, Crawford & Worsley, 2006). In term of junk food, which is considered as energy-dense, nutrient-poor food, it not only threatens health but its saturated fat and sugar can also impair one’s memory (Study finds junk food threatens no t just health but also memory, 2013).Today a lot of advertisements about junk food can be seen on TV. A survey of more than 12,000 teenagers has found that the greater the exposure to advertisements for unhealthy food, the more teens asked for and bought it (fast food ads influence teens eating habits, 2011). 1.2 Scope This report is focused on three aspects of the extensive topic â€Å"Are students eating healthily?† The aspects are 1.Eating breakfast, 2.vegetableand fruit in their diet, 3.Junk food (fast food, food with high energy and fat, sugary sodas). Besides, the sample of the research is only 30 people. This is because of time li of students. 1.3 Aim The aim of this report is to find out whether students eat healthily based on their first meal of the day and their daily food choice, which can be described in terms of whether they have healthy breakfast, the mount of vegetable and fruit they eat, and frequency of eating junk food. 1.4 Hypothesis This report predicts that students don’t have healthy eating  habits as the general Australian population. Regarding breakfast, it is believed that most students don’t have healthy breakfast, as they spend a lot of time coming to school. When it comes to food choice, students don’t eat enough fruits and vegetables, but eat too much fast food or sugary sodas. 2 Methodology The way this research project was carried out by a survey. This survey consists of 11 questions and the sample is 30 people who are student from different classes and different nationalities such as Chinese, Vietnamese and Indian. There were totally 21 male and 9 females. 3 Results The aim of the report is to find out whether student eat healthily in term of 1.breakfast, 2.plant food (fruits and vegetables), 3.junk food. 6 Bibliography Fast Food (2011, November 19) .Fast food adds influence teens eating habits, survey finds. Herald Sun. Retrieved from http://www.heraldsun.com.au/archive/news/fast-food-ads-influence-teens-eating-habits-survey-finds/story-fn7x8me2-1226199423435 Lea, EJ., Crawford, D., Worsley, A.(2006).Consumers’ readiness to eat a plant-based diet. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 60, 342–351. William,P.G. (2002).What Australians eat for breakfast: an analysis of data from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey. Australia: Blackwell Study Finds (2013, December 17). Study Finds Junk Food Threatens Not Just Health But Also Memory, International Business Times. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=5&sid=e38e5356-7a0b-4d8b-87d3-0edc8b074e1c%40sessionmgr110&hid=128&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bwh&AN=530723.20131217

Christian religion Essay

A crucifix is not a mere cross, but a representation of Jesus’ body or corpus. Thus, the latin term corpus christi. Whereas, a cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other, dividing one or two of the lines in half. The crucifix is crucial to the Christians because it’s the principal symbol of the Christian religion. It is primarily used in the Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran and Eastern Orthodox Churches and emphasizes Christ’s sacrifice which is his death by crucifixion. Prayer in front of a crucifix is often part of devotion for Christians, especially those worshipping in a church, and private devotion in a chapel. The person may sit, stand, or kneel in front of the crucifix, sometimes looking at it in contemplation, or merely in front of it with head bowed or eyes closed. In the Catholic Mass, and Anglican Holy Eucharist, a procession begins Mass in which a crucifix is carried forward into the church followed by lector and servers, the priest, deacon, along with some of the other items used in the service such as the Gospels and the altar candles. The crucifix is also one of the most effective means of averting or opposing demons, as stated by many exorcists, including the famous exorcist of the Vatican, Father Gabriele Amorth. In folklore, it is considered to ward off vampires, incubus and succubus. â€Å"I never witnessed nor even heard about an exorcism without a crucifix, though several students in eighth and ninth grades were prime candidates for such a ritual. †(Gabriel Amorth) Anglican, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Coptic, and confessional Lutheran Christians generally use the crucifix in public religious services. The standard, four-pointed Latin crucifix consists of an upright stand and a crosspiece to which the sufferer’s arms were nailed. The Eastern Christian crucifix includes two additional crossbars: the shorter nameplate, to which INRI was affixed; and the shorter stipes, to which the feet were nailed, which is angled upward toward penitent thief St. Dismas and downward toward impenitent thief Gestas. It is thus eight-pointed. The corpora of Eastern Orthodox crucifixes tend to be two-dimensional icons that show Jesus as already dead, as opposed to the depictions of the still-suffering Jesus that can be found in some other Churches. They believe the crucifix is in keeping with Scripture, which states that â€Å"We preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumbling block, and unto the Greeks foolishness. †(Rudolph Koch) . Citations: Old Christian Symbols, Rudolf Koch Tree of Jesse Directory, Malcolm Low Crucifix Lane, Kate Mosse Wellness Exorcism, Donald Ardell Jewish Encyclopedia, Kaufmann Kohler

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Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility - Essay Example Conceptual frameworks have been constantly changed from them. However, individual organizations have come up with their own conceptual frameworks that suit specific organizational needs. A conceptual framework provides an over view of how things should be done in an organization. It is a coherent system of related objectives and fundamentals that should lead to consistent standards that prescribe the nature, function, and limits of financial accounting and financial statements.† (Foulks Lynch 1998) A conceptual framework development takes time. The worst part is that once it is ready, hardly any of those principles are applied since the dynamic economic environment will be experiencing other challenges. Conceptual framework is like a constitution in financial accounting that stipulates its nature, function and its limits. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) also came up with an internationally recognized conceptual framework, which aims at streamlining the accou nting principles worldwide. This promotes external investments. The second function of the conceptual framework is to solve any emerging problems in the accounting sector. This explains why the boards are constantly reviewing the conceptual framework to suite the new challenges. ... The risk of not having a conceptual framework is the cropping up of haphazard standards. Without standards, businesses will even come up with their own frameworks that give them an advantage over others. This will lead to inconsistence in the basic principles. A strong conceptual framework will shield the financial sector from manipulation by other powerful forces such as the politicians and other interested parties. The process of developing a conceptual framework is done through a long deliberation among the board members. A good framework forms a good basis for a company. The advantages of a conceptual framework are as follows. It establishes standards that are logical and consistent. The CF stipulates rules and policies on how certain things should be carried out. The company will not just act anyhow, but it will be guided by certain rules, which maintain standardization. The conceptual framework provides rules to be followed when no other accounting principle can be applied. In accounting, rules are followed to the letter, but in some cases, there are no rules. The conceptual framework will come in; though most of its rules are general, they deal with all aspects of accounting. A conceptual framework builds the public trust in accounting. Financial reports and statements are known to be credible. This is because the public knows that there are bodies that set principles to govern them. Other advantages of the conceptual framework include avoiding conflict between user groups and ensuring accountability. The demerit of the conceptual framework is that it does not address the needs of the diverse users. There is no conceptual framework that can address the needs of everybody, and that is

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Federal Contracting Activitities and Contract Types - Assignment Example age of time it seems that VectorCal has been thrown out of track due to the penetration of different firm and its disability (as a result of using feeble forecasting method) to break even with the consumers increasing demand. As the sayings go ‘the customer is always right’, it seems VectorCal had nowhere to go. Mycompany initially aims to serve the consumers locally and then in foreseeable future, will fare on international horizon. As aforementioned, the market for drones had expanded at a high pace as a result of insecurities arising at an alarming rate, Mycomapny was determined and decided to create more demonstrative and uncontaminated drones, which they did and successfully too. However, establishing a sense of success simply on the basis of making more friendly drones was incompatible, as no one can dispatch the fact that there were several successful firms operating in drone making business, way before we joined the market. On the other hand, ignoring the gaps these old firms were providing would have been a fool’s act; hence, the launching of Mycompany that had been as successful as any other established firm. Lastly on of the most appreciating aspect of the company’s technology advancement was launched in the market recently and the response they received was spectac ular, which also earned them one of the government contracts; this advanced technology is a drone in a size of bug and is more effective and efficient than the large Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). In 2011 VectorCal won the government contract as a result of uproar for drone use in Northeast Florida, which in turn was a result of producing more jobs. Even before getting the contract, this company had hired extra pair of hands to overcome their one of the most lacking point – loe production of drones. Their one of the successful drone by the name of TechPri was launched in the market in 2003. This drone was initially fabricated for the use of US army, but had been exported on

IB PAPER 1 MARKET FAILURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IB PAPER 1 MARKET FAILURE - Essay Example The big six have a great monopoly against smaller producers. The big six maximize profits while passing the cost to the consumer. There occurs a market failure because of the stranglehold caused by big producers. According to The Guardian Tuesday18 October 2013, the big six energy companies supply 99% of British households and make massive profits from a stitched-up market. They control almost all the markets energy supply. The guardian states that consumers are not supposed to pay high prices for energy bills while shareholders pocket greater profits from the situation. The market failure in Britain’s energy supply creates an environment which calls for aggressive competition from alternative energy sources.it also creates the need to diverge to more eco-friendly sources of energy other than fossil fuel energy. Completion amongst the big firms sometimes drives energy prices down. On the other hand competition from the big six producers ensures that there is no fair share of the market for the smaller producers in the market .market rules also make it complex and imposed excessive costs and terms of trade make it hard for the small players. The effect on the energy suppliers is that they always reap big profit margins since there will always be demand for energy. Their domination will ensure that smaller players remain less dominant in the market. Consumers will be forced to pay the high tariffs the producers impose as long as no alternative low cost energy sources are exploited. The competitive market and the interest of consumers can well be met by actions that reduce barriers to engage in energy supply market by the government (complex red tapes, high cost, and terms of trade).the big six Britain producers of energy reaps the most profit from the market failure that exist thus the companies end up maximizing their profit

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Nursing- breast cancer - Essay Example Table 1 represent estimated breast cancer cases and deaths worldwide (see appendix). About three fourths of all women with cancer cases will be diagnosed invasive breast cancer (Stages I-IV). The chance of developing invasive breast cancer during a womans lifetime is approximately 1 in 7 (13.4%). Another one fourth will be diagnosed with in situ breast cancer, a very early form of the disease. Though much less common, breast cancer also occurs in men /National Breast Cancer Centre, 2005/. The incidence rate of breast cancer (number of new breast cancers per 100,000 women) increased by approximately 4% during the 1980s but levelled off a bit in the 1990s /National Breast Cancer Centre, 2005/.The death rates from breast cancer also declined significantly between 1992 and 1996, with the largest decreases among younger women. Medical experts impute the decline in breast cancer deaths to earlier detection and more efficient treatments. Let’s investigate and sum up the causes of breast cancer. Although, there are a number of researches devoted to the causes of this severe disease and the ways of reducing its chances, it’s obvious that we still can’t prevent it. However, these researches worked out the list of factors that affect our health and may cause the development of the breast cancer. All these factors belong either to â€Å"external† or â€Å"internal† environments /Breast Health, 2006/. â€Å"Internal environment† includes a number of things inside our bodies that influence our health, for example, genetics, hormones, illnesses, and feelings and thoughts. â€Å"External environment† relates to the things of the outer world that influence people’s health, such as air, water, food, danger, noise, people, and stress. Some of the above mentioned factors, such as genetic makeup and the medicines taken, have a very direct effect on the breast health. The impact of other, indirect factors, such as

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Integrating Four Skills in Clt Context Essay Example for Free

Integrating Four Skills in Clt Context Essay In the history of language teaching, many methods and approaches have been used and developed. Among them Communicative Language Teaching is now thought as the most influential or must-use one. It is clearly defined in the handout: It would be fair to say that if there is any one umbrella approach to language teaching that has become the accepted norm in this field, it would have to be the Communicative Language Teaching Approach. Below is a lesson plan which is based on the CLT approach and we try to integrate four macro skills in it. This lesson plan is designed or intermediate-level or sophomore students at SFLC, NUM. In the lesson, we are aiming at a result in which students are actually able to use the language about environment, especially about the climate change/global warming, both verbally and in writing. Even though it looks like each task focuses on different skill, every task is designed to integrate at least 2 skills of the four. Also, the lesson is a part of a sequence lesson which means in the previous class they have been introduced vocabulary related to the environment. The period of the lesson plan is an hour and a half. Lesson procedure Warm-up: As a warm-up students are asked about the weather that day and previous day. The question is for the whole class; therefore anyone who feels comfortable to talk in front of the whole class can answer. Then they are asked to work in pairs to talk about their favorite weather. Its a simple task to encourage the students and build confidence in them. The warm-up is about 10-15 minutes. Speaking: When the students are thought to be ready and confident enough, gradually turn the class into a discussion about climate change and global warming (causes of the climate hanges, whats happening in the world, what we can do about it, etc). Then they are divided into group of three and given statements of the Task 1 . Students should discuss about the statement and when they are finished with it they can rotate the statements around the groups. Since the topic is a popular one all the students are encouraged to speak out. They can also use some Mongolian language if they cant express them freely (but they should try as much English as they can) . As for the teacher, they need to use the target language as often as possible in order to provide ealistic models for students to use. I would give some explanation or help in Mongolian on the students request (15-20 minutes). Listening: As the discussion is on the global warming and climate change, students are now asked to listen to people speaking out their opinion on global warming. This is very authentic and contextualized because the tape script is actually taken from a readers discussion on a weather website. It will help the students to move from structured language production to more communicative language use . At first the tape is played without ny interference. For the second time it should be stopped after each speaker and the students are asked if they agree or disagree with that person and to comment on the speakers opinion. If the students do not agree with each other and start an argument, they should be encouraged to defend their own idea. In this way, the listening task would turn from an inactive listening task to one where the students take alternate roles as listener and speaker (20 minutes). Writing: At this time, own opinion and built knowledge on the subject . Therefore, students are asked to rite a small opinion passage about global warming. They should imagine that they are writing it on the real website discussion. In the previous task students have listened texts which models how people are expressing their opinion. Thus, the students will not face difficulties. After they are done with the task, they should exchange what they have written (20 minutes). Reading: Students are given handouts in which they need to read short passages about different areas of environmental issues (preferably questions discussed in the speaking section). Students are asked o read the passages at their own speed and match them to a set of questions. In order to match questions to the passages, students are required to demonstrate a global comprehension of the passages. Also this type of readings sharpens the students reading skills. While reading the handouts students are not allowed to use dictionary, because it distracts them from understanding the text. At the same time, it will help them to learn to recognize words automatically which is a basis for reading skill . When students complete the task, check the answer. (1 5 minutes) Homework (explaining HW will take 5 minutes): Students are asked to work in groups of four. Choose one of the environmental issues and present it to the class. It can be in any form e. g. ews report, role-play, informative presentation and etc. This task is supposed to integrate all four skills including (but not limited to) activities such as: 0 Doing some research and reading them thoroughly 0 Or listening to news reports for information 0 Writing about the topic based on information they found 0 Finding related pictures and other visual materials and preparing to explain them Working with their partners which should include sharing opinions and listening to the others 0 Presenting it to the class and responding to any questions those come from peer students afterwards. Handouts for the tasks Task 1: Discussion Statements Climate change is the most serious threat to our planet at the moment. All countries should be forced to apply serious regulations to reduce carbon emissions. Normal people cant do much to stop global warming. I am worried about climate change. Everybody should do whatever they can to save energy. Climate change isnt as serious as people say. People like to worry about something! There are simply too many people living on planet earth! We are going to lose many animal species and areas of low land in the very near future be cause of global warming. Gonzalo Im all in favour of global warming. I grow tropical plants so for me the warmer the weather is the better! Tanya In 20 years time the traditional British weather will be a thing of the past. Well have a climate like the south of France. People will be healthier as theyll spend more time outdoors. Just think, dining al fresco in the summer months. Itll be great! Luis no one can tell me that global warming isnt happening. Weve Just had the hottest year on record! My sister lives in the north of Spain and she said that it is beach weather there and its November. I mean its not normal is it? Kevin When I was a boy we used to have heavy snow most years. Since the early 90s all weve had is a light dusting of snow. It must be due to global warming. Ruth You only have to switch on the news to see the crazy things the weather is doing. There are so many floods, hurricanes and droughts. Its the extreme weather conditions caused by global warming. Oliver Theres no such thing as global warming. Its all media hype to brainwash people. If they told us the moon was made of cheese often enough people would believe it! Mark The world will never be the same again, but thats how it has always been. It changes constantly and nature and man can adapt to these changes. If we couldnt, human life on the planet would have finished years ago. Task 3 Who do you agree with most? Who do you disagree with? What would you write to the message board? Put your message here. Share your message with the class. Does anyone have the same view as you?

Library Automation Essay Example for Free

Library Automation Essay An OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) is an online bibliography of a library collection that is available in certain libraries for the use of the public. With the aid of the Internet, most libraries have made the OPAC accessible from a server to users all over the world. The OPAC is an online database of materials used by a library or group of libraries. Users search the library catalog mainly to locate books and other materials physically located at a library. The concept of OPAC has changed the previous system used in most libraries and how the people have gained access for information and materials. OPAC is also the key to finding books and other materials in the library. When you are looking for a book you will find that knowing to use OPAC properly will help you find the materials that you need. There are a lot of advantages of OPAC. To use the OPAC system is very easy. A person does not have to be a skilled computer user to use the system. What the person need is just to know what a computer mouse is, can use it to point and click, is just all the computer skill a person needs. The access points or search capabilities are by using keyword, subject, author or title to find the materials. It is easy to use since the users just need to enter access point in order to locate any materials in the library. So, students can find books and materials needed easily. It will also save their time. By using this system, the materials that we want to find will become instant information. Moreover, by using the OPAC, the students can find more detailed information about the materials that they need. As such, if the students find the books by typing the author’s name in the OPAC system, the information that possibly will appear on the screen are how many volume the books have or how many number of that books the library have. Besides that, the students can learn something new about technology and modern invention.

How To Prevent Juvenile Delinquency Criminology Essay

How To Prevent Juvenile Delinquency Criminology Essay There is a saying that history often repeats itself. If this is a true saying, then society will have to deal with the complex issue of juveniles delinquents, who may eventually become adult criminals, as societies in time past dealt with the same conflict. Moreover, if this saying is true then the community in which juvenile delinquencies exist must have the tools necessary to divert the youth from crime. If one is to convert delinquent youths behavior, they need to be able to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivisms. Furthermore, understanding the cause of juvenile delinquency is an important key in its prevention. In order to understand the cause of juvenile delinquency, the history of the juvenile justice and varies approach to prevent it need to be examined. The history of the juvenile justice in the United States began during the colonial period. Before it inception the family was the main origin of social control of the youth (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.5). However, In the 1800s, the state seeing growth of developing cites and the effect it was having on the young population, they felt the need to develop a system to control the youth (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.6). Therefore, the Juvenile Justice system was developed by the government because of the changing demographics in cities. As a result, the government was now actively practicing the concept of parens patriae thru the court. Moreover, the juvenile justice reformers sought to make a change to the objectives of the juvenile justice system, including the rights of youth. In earlier years, child offenders above the age of seven were treated and incarcerated like adult offenders (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.5). The treatment of youths had created distaste among the reformers towards jail terms for juveniles; they desired a system to be more compliance with the due process of law. Furthermore, the reformer was seeking to convert from what they saw as inhumane treatment of the juvenile therefore, facility such as the house of refuge was started. The earliest Reformatory Refuge was built in 1825 and was called the New York Hoses of Refuge (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.9). It was not until 1890s when the Progressive Era commenced in the US that individual states started setting up rehabilitating centers (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.10). There was a feeling during the progressive era stating that the justice system should take the responsibility to recover the lives of young offenders before they were absorbed into criminal activities. The parenting responsibility was been exerted by states to give juveniles an opportunity to return to their former condition. By 1967, most of the cases of juvenile delinquency were tried in juvenile courts. This meant Persons under the age of 18 were tried in juvenile courts. This was due to the ruling by the Supreme Court that it was necessary for the juvenile courts to use the due process of law. The approach after the decision was to encourage the states to develop plans that would discourage juvenile delinquency. In this context the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act 1968 were passed. The Act was later strengthen by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. In this effort, the (OJJDP) established The Runaway Youth Program and The National Institute for Juvenile justice and Delinquency Prevention. The Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act 1968 law was later replaced by The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 1974. However, the movement received a setback when there was an increase in juvenile crimes during 1980s and 1990s. The first stakeholder is the youth that commits crime. He has all the rights that are promised to adults under the constitution. It is necessary to understand that legally a youth should have more rights than an adult has. The same justice system cannot be used for youths. Other stakeholders are the parents. The parents have the primary responsibility for ensuring that their wards do not commit crimes. The government whether state, federal, or local, are also stakeholders, which have the dual responsibility of protecting the community as well as rehabilitating the juvenile. The Finally stakeholders is the community. The community interest in fighting juveniles recidivism is beneficial to the safe of the community. Therefore, community safety is an understandable reason to start community-based program. Moreover, studies have shown that many community -based correctional programs reduce recidivism and are less expensive than confinement (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.210). Communities felt that strong action is was necessary to prevent juvenile offenders as a deterrent. Some advocates believed childhood intervention programs were having an impact on future juvenile delinquency and criminality rates (Zigler, Edward, Taussig. 1992)  Ã‚   (3.A complete description of issue addressed.) The issues involved juvenile delinquency includes juvenile placement in criminal procedure. The issue deal the treated of juvenile who commit crimes like adults. The problem is whether the crime juvenile commit dictate that they should the type punishment as their adult counterpart. The courts often are face with the decision when a juvenile commit what is other wise considered an adult crime (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p. 155). Another issue of juvenile delinquency is the severity of the offense the juvenile commit. Status offenses are behavior committed by juvenile that they can be arrested. Such as truancy, drinking, runaways, and general ungovernability, how can these stop status offenses. This issue led to the question; to what extent can the parents be held responsible for supervision of children? Moreover, if the parents cannot be maintain their children what are the local resources available at them? Other issues of discussion are the subject of juvenile drug use. Moreover, what is been done to eliminate this problem. On the other hand, the existence of after-school recreational activities or sport can reduce juvenile delinquency by a great extent. This type deterrent once again would require parents involvement. On the other hand, if peer pressure is applied by juvenile delinquency, the parent needs to be alert to such problems and must seek intervention early on to be more effective (Welsh Farrington, 2007, p. 871). (4 A detailed analysis of possible strategies and intervention designed to stop juvenile delinquency) Parental guidance and good home life are the best overall approach to stop juvenile delinquency. However, in today modern society parents are not always capable of providing the necessary guidance to their children. Therefore, there need to be other possible strategies and interventions designed to stop juvenile delinquency. In that context, there are strategies and interventions that have been developed to assist parents in the venture. First all offense regardless of the severity should be dealt with expeditiously. Furthermore, the parent should adopt the three point strategy of supervision, prevention of drugs and introduce activities to the children (Koffman, Ray,  Berg,  Covington,  Albarran,  Ã‚  Vasquez,  et al. 2003). Maury Nation and other devised programs to disseminate effective prevention strategies. Their programs took information from other programs to develop a better program. In their research, they found that effective programs included teaching, positive role model and informed planning and implementation of problem-specific prevention interventions programs (Nation,  Crusto, Wandersman, Kumpfer,  Ã‚  et al., 2003, pp. 449-456). 3. If there is any doubt an advocacy group should be contacted at the earliest (5. A comprehensive list and weighing of alternatives, both pro and cons, to the stop juvenile delinquency.) The alternative that Every minor offense including truancy should be treated quickly and seriously by the parents and school attendance should be given the greatest importance has the pro that juvenile delinquency can be stopped at the incipient stage and school can play an important part in preventing juvenile delinquency. The con is that often parents are not aware of truancy and come to know of it when it is too late. The alternative that parents should use the three-point strategy of supervision, prevention of drugs and introduce activities to the children had the pro that its implementation can surely stop juvenile delinquency. In addition, it is a multi-pronged strategy, which has worked well. Furthermore, it contributes to the holistic development of children. The first cons are that parents that hold jobs which make it difficult to supervise and therefore, cannot implement this strategy. The second con is the fact that parents who need training is required to implement this strategy. The alternative of If there is any doubt an advocacy group should be contacted at the earliest has the pro that advocacy group can provide expert guidance to the parents. Further, the advocacy group can devise strategies for particular youth. The con is that in most cases the advocacy group is contacted after serious crimes are committed or the case becomes difficult. For instance, advocacy groups are contacted after the child is addicted to drugs. (6. a prediction for how juveniles justice prevention and intervention strategies will be handled over at least the next two decades) Over the next two decades education and community involvement should be major strategies in order to help prevent juvenile delinquency. In the arena of education if a child is exposing to education at an earlier age and given a robust foundation in learning, the youth have a chance to endure. For example, if organizations such as the PTA will take a proactive role in the intervention of trouble kids at a young age this will be helpful. This is a venue where the parents and educator both are able to contribute to the child development. In addition, future prevention and intervention in the juvenile justice will depend on those actually involved in the juvenile justice system. If probation officers and youth detention centers do not take an actually role in future intervention of juvenile delinquency any other strategies will not be successful. Probation and correction will need to look for ways to encourage the juvenile to find alternative means of using their energy. Furthermore, the government will have to provide more funds to the juvenile justice system. With more funds, the juvenile justice system will be able to find qualified employees. In addition, the juvenile justice system, especially the correctional agencies, must provide guidelines to help the juveniles develop. When juvenile are committed to juvenile detention the focus needs to be centered on educational development and alternative activity instead of the gang activity. The detention center of the future will need to be more conductive to a juvenile community surrounding. For example, detention center should offer schools, medical clinics, and recreation facilities so that youth will not have cultural shock. Technology should play an important role in probation as an alternative to detention as well. Monitoring devices such as GPS ankle bracelet should be use more in the future. However, the finally part of the equation in intervention is the youth. If all the fore mention action are taken, and the youth fail to participate the process will be voided. Therefore, the primary contact of the youth, the family will need to undergo training when a problem arises. Parents are sometime overwhelmed with parenting duties and working at the same time and need to learn how to manage their time to be more effective. Some parents do not have the necessary parenting skills to raise their children; therefore, parenting classes should be available to assist them. In conclusion, society will have to deal with the complex burden of juveniles delinquent, who may eventually become adult criminals. Moreover, the community in which juvenile delinquencies exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth from crime. In order to change delinquent the juvenile need the juvenile justice system itself need to change policy and procedure to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivisms. Furthermore, an honest effort need to be made to understanding the cause of juvenile delinquency is an important key in its prevention. The families, communities and the government must be willing to work together for the greater good of the juvenile. Therefore, understanding the cause of juvenile delinquency and the history of the juvenile justice will be an important part of the success of preventing juvenile delinquency. When studying the history of the juvenile justice in the United States, need to be focus on the core issue of delinquency, the juvenile. Speaking from a personal point of view, I believe rehabilitation instead of confinement is the best form of correction. However, I do realizes that not all juvenile offend will conform to the rule set forward by the courts and probation agencies. Therefore, when the juvenile are place in detention centers they should be afforded the service to help them prevent a life of crime.

Free College Admissions Essays: The College Experience :: College Admissions Essays

College Admissions: The College Experience In High School, college seemed to be the scariest thing that I could think of. Whenever I thought about it my stomach would immediately begin to spin in circles. Although I was ready to go off and be by myself and meet new people I was scared to death at the same time. I didn't know much about the "college experience" and what I did know (or thought I knew) scared me. I pictured hard classes that I wouldn't be able to keep up with, people that wouldn't like me, long hikes to get to my classes, and horrible food. I couldn't imagine leaving the security of my own room, my own stuff where I want it, my friends that I've spent practically my whole life with, my family who put up with all my little quirks, and my car!! What was I going to do without my precious car? Some of my friends that had already been to college and had come back to visit seemed so much older and more mature. I felt twelve years old in comparison. I thought that I would never be able to fit in. Everyone else that I t alked to didn't however seem to have this problem. They all were thrilled at the thought of being on their own and not having to worry about their parents telling them what to do all the time. And sure, the thought was extremely exciting to me as well, but how would I survive without my family and friends and the things that had taken me eighteen years to get used to. I felt like going to college was pretty much taking everything that I knew and had grown accustomed to and throwing it up in the air. The worst part about it all was that I felt like I was the only one that actually thought about this. I felt so immature and childish for actually being scared to come to college. After I thought I wouldn't be able to take the pressures anymore, I decided to approach my mom about the subject. I told her that I was a little scared and the thought of being on my own made me a little uneasy. "Sweetie" she said, "I know it's a little hard right now and things are a little confusing and overwhelming but it will get easier.

The Effects of Child Abuse on a Child´s Education Essay -- abuse, cons

Child abuse has become a chronic and common issue in the country today. In the United States of America, an estimated three million children are victims of abuse every year. Whether the abuse is physical, emotional, sexual, or neglect, the scars can be deep and can have a negative effect on a child’s education. According to academic research preformed at Brown University in April 1996, it was noted that abused children have a harder time maintaining good grades in school due to their stressful home lives, which leads to a lack of focus in the classroom. These issues are severely hurting the education of many children which damages their conscious development. Unstable households are the number one cause of children not performing at the level of proficiency in the classroom. (Family Mobility Helps) There are four different types of abuse, but the effects are similar, which is physical, or emotional harm placed upon the child. There are certain types of abuse that are often har der to identify. Neglect is the most common form of child abuse. Family members and caregivers are the abusers in most cases. Research has shown there are three major reasons why abuses children suffer academically. The reasons are withdrawal, poor communication/social skills, and behavioral problems. Child abuse does not only hurt a child’s education, but can lead to deaths. Therefore prevention is the key to the success of a child’s future. (Rynders) Failure to provide a child with basic necessary needs is known as neglect. Neglect has become the most common form of child abuse, and its effects have been recognized as the most detrimental to a child’s development. According to Zorika Petic Henderson’s article â€Å"Maltreated Children Fail in School†, Childr... ...hol. With the chronic issue of child abuse still affecting children’s education today. It is a key importance that people must not give up on children who are victims of child abuse, but make it their personal goal to help them prosper. School is not just a place where children go in the morning, but a social learning environment that provides students with a lifelong tool of knowledge. As children grow older and into different developmental stages the demand for love, support, leadership, and positive role models are crucial. Abused children are missing these essential needs; this is why the famous saying â€Å"It takes a community to raise a child† still holds true today. The education of abuse children is not a lost cause and with proper treatment and teaching they will grow up to be just as successful if not more successful than any other non- maltreated child. The Effects of Child Abuse on a Child ´s Education Essay -- abuse, cons Child abuse has become a chronic and common issue in the country today. In the United States of America, an estimated three million children are victims of abuse every year. Whether the abuse is physical, emotional, sexual, or neglect, the scars can be deep and can have a negative effect on a child’s education. According to academic research preformed at Brown University in April 1996, it was noted that abused children have a harder time maintaining good grades in school due to their stressful home lives, which leads to a lack of focus in the classroom. These issues are severely hurting the education of many children which damages their conscious development. Unstable households are the number one cause of children not performing at the level of proficiency in the classroom. (Family Mobility Helps) There are four different types of abuse, but the effects are similar, which is physical, or emotional harm placed upon the child. There are certain types of abuse that are often har der to identify. Neglect is the most common form of child abuse. Family members and caregivers are the abusers in most cases. Research has shown there are three major reasons why abuses children suffer academically. The reasons are withdrawal, poor communication/social skills, and behavioral problems. Child abuse does not only hurt a child’s education, but can lead to deaths. Therefore prevention is the key to the success of a child’s future. (Rynders) Failure to provide a child with basic necessary needs is known as neglect. Neglect has become the most common form of child abuse, and its effects have been recognized as the most detrimental to a child’s development. According to Zorika Petic Henderson’s article â€Å"Maltreated Children Fail in School†, Childr... ...hol. With the chronic issue of child abuse still affecting children’s education today. It is a key importance that people must not give up on children who are victims of child abuse, but make it their personal goal to help them prosper. School is not just a place where children go in the morning, but a social learning environment that provides students with a lifelong tool of knowledge. As children grow older and into different developmental stages the demand for love, support, leadership, and positive role models are crucial. Abused children are missing these essential needs; this is why the famous saying â€Å"It takes a community to raise a child† still holds true today. The education of abuse children is not a lost cause and with proper treatment and teaching they will grow up to be just as successful if not more successful than any other non- maltreated child.

Appearance vs. Reality in Peter Shaffers Amadeus Essay -- Peter Shaff

Appearance vs. Reality in Peter Shaffer's Amadeus In the world of the 18th century, appearance was everything; and appearance often conflicted with reality. Such is the case in Peter Shaffer’s, Amadeus, which follows Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s musical career. Mozart’s career was enveloped in deceit and falsity, appearing to be brought on by poor choices he made, when all along he was being sabotaged by Salieri. When Mozart arrives in Vienna, Antonio Salieri pretends to welcome him. He even writes a welcome March for Mozart, to be played as the young, rebellious musician enters the court. However, Salieri hates Mozart from the beginning. Salieri is nice to Mozart’s face, and pretends to support his career to all other parties concerned. Salieri is, in fact, nice to everyone’s face. As several officials are conversing, Salieri comments to the audience on their personality. â€Å"Johann von Strack. Royal Chamberlain. A court official to his collar bone,† â€Å"Baron van Swieten. Prefect of the Imperial Library. Ardent Freemason. Yet to find anything funny...† (Amadeus, 11) Salieri continues to interject throughout the mens’ conversation until he is included. Salieri is jealous of Mozart’s musical ability. While it appears to everyone the Salieri is the most talented musician in Vienna, he, himself, knows that Mozart’s music is much deeper than his own. Salieri vents his jealousy when he states, â€Å"We were both ordinary men, he and I. Yet he from the ordinary created legends-and I from legends greeted only the ordinary† (Amadeus, 63). Mozart and his wife, Constanza, are starving. They are living in extreme poverty. All of this is because of Antonio Salieri. whose plan is revealed to the audience in his conversation with Emperor Joseph. He says, â€Å"Then grant him Gluck’s post, Majesty, but not his salary. That would be wrong† (Amadeus, 64). He then turns around to Mozart who is angry about the payment he is receiving and says, â€Å"I’m sorry it’s made you angry. I’d not have suggested it if I’d known you’d be distressed....I regret I was not able to do more† (Amadeus, 65). Salieri pretends that he got Mozart as much money as he could, when in reality, he kept him from a great deal more. The real showing of Salieri’s true colors comes out in the last few scenes of the play. After the death of Mozart’s father... .... â€Å"Hate is a poison you cannot withstand.† (Amadeus, 81). Salieri got his wish for fame in the end. He reflects on this, â€Å"I was to become quite simply the most famous musician in Europe!...This was my sentence! I must endure thirty years of being called â€Å"distinguished† by people incapable of distinguishing!...I must smell as I wrote it the deadness of my music...† (Amadeus, 85). While he had what he had always wanted, and he appeared to be on top of the world, reality remained. He was not happy. He did not have to gift he had long wanted. And though the public praised and shouted to him, he knew exactly what it was worth. While Mozart’s life appears to be a series of mistakes, and poor choices he has made, the truth is, he was sabotaged. His life was a game for Antonio Salieri to act out his jealousies and insecurities. But Salieri, in the end, is more unhappy with his life without Mozart, than he was when Mozart was alive. Works Cited Amadeus. Shaffer, Peter. Samuel French, Inc. New York. 1980. http://www.albemarle-london.com/amadeus.html. Accessed, March 15, 2001 http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc69.html. Accessed, March 17, 2001

Esprit five forces Essay

Esprit faces competitors such as H&M, Uniqlo, Zara, Mango, Giordano, and Gap. Esprit’s goal is to make its own enterprise gain advantage relative to its competitors. So when they implement their plan to achieve their goal, conflict occurs with their competitors. Competition is often manifested in the price, advertising, products, services and so on. Many â€Å"Fast Fashion† brands have different product lines. Their products are more innovative and stylish. Also those brands can meet the needs of middle-class consumers. Therefore those brands can occupy the market share and gain the market value. In 2011, Esprit lost more than 90% income from 2007. It is because Esprit lost its brand positioning, continuously slipping in popularity, less consumer demand, lack of innovation and unable to meet diverse needs of consumers. To solve these problems, Esprit decided to exit its North American retail operation. They cooperate with new competent license partner instead. However, they did not give up on North America entirely. Because exit the competition is more costly than continue to participate in the competition. There are some reason will mainly affect Esprit such as economic factors, global strategy and emotional effects. Socio-political factors include asset specificity and costs of exit. Threats of Buyer’s Growing Bargaining Power Esprit exists in fast fashion industry and there are few competitors in the industry. The products of fast fashion industry have similar style. Therefore buyers would have lots of choices. Buyers would like to get higher-quality products at an affordable price and this will affect the profitability of companies in the industry. In China market, China has a huge market size and demographic differences among provinces. However, China is a â€Å"Red Sea†. Esprit cannot get a desirable profit because there are too many competitors. This affect the buyers in China have more choices to make their own decision. Threats of Suppliers’ Growing Bargaining Power Supplier bargaining power is the ability to influence the setting of price. Suppliers lower their material’s quality and value but raise up the price of  input factors in order to influence the existing industry in profitability and competitiveness. Different supplier’s materials have certain characteristics and distinguishing features. Therefore the retailer cannot change the supplier suddenly without planning because changing the supplier may higher the cost. Also the one of the important reason is retailer hard to discover a high quality to replace the material. The strength of supplier bargaining power is mainly depends on what materials or input factors they provide to Esprit. When suppliers provide the input factors that the value occupy Esprit’s large proportion of the total cost of product and the production process is critical or seriously affect the quality of the product, the potential bargaining power of supplier is greatly enhanced. Threats of New Entrants Barriers of entry include economies of scale, product differentiation, switching costs, capital needed, sales channels, natural resources, policies, geography, and so on. Some of these barriers are hard to breakthrough by means of copying or imitation. The possibility of new enterprises to enter the industry is depends on the entrant, estimated potential impact of interest rate and the required cost of the risk to take. Competitive access to the severity of the threat depends on two factors. One is the size and the other one is expected barriers to new areas of existing businesses respond to entrants. However, the fast fashion industry entry barriers are very low. Therefore there is a lot of competitors who almost sales the same products or services in order to gain the fast fashion market share. Esprit is being tough and very hard to survival in this market which has high competition of market share of raw materials and it may lower the profitability of a company in the industry. Th reats of Substitute Products Esprit and its competitor such as H&M, Gap’s products are very similar and their products are substitute products. The competitive of substitute products will affect the competitive strategy of the company in the fast fashion industry. The existing product prices and potential of increasing the profitability are limited by the user’s acceptability of the existing substitute products. Because of invades of substitute products, the existing enterprises must improve the quality of their products, reduce the cost in  order to lower the price or make the products be more unique in order to prevent the loss and frustrated of sales. The lower price and higher quality of substitute product will produce a strong competitive pressure to the enterprises. The intensity of competition from substitute product can specifically observe by examining the sales growth, factory production capacity and profit expansion.

John Milton: Chastity Overpowering Sexuality

Gennesis Carrion Professor Fulton 350:324 Chastity Overpowering Sexuality Even until present day, virginity is held in high esteem and considered a virtue, something sacred and worthy of praise. Being a virgin is a symbol of innocence, highly valued by religions and encouraged by them to remain so; it is something that only the bond of marriage is a worthy reason for its loss. Virginity is a symbol of purity, the intactness and immaculacy of the body and soul. It represents the body has remained untouched by sexual acts and the soul has remained untainted by sexual urges; both remain unmarked by acts of foreign mind and touch.Virginity is the prominent theme of Milton’s short playA Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle [Comus]. In mentioned play, Milton confines sexuality to exist only with accordance to the sanctity of a woman’s chastity. He uses mythological allusions to support the sacredness of chastity and utilizes the character of Comus as a symbol of the malevolent f actors at work tempting virginity to be abandoned for a more liberal sexuality whereas the character of the Lady is the personification of chastity.Before beginning the play, the textbook’s publisher provides some short background information in the preface. In such background, one learns Milton’s use of allegory between the characters in Masque with the Earl of Bridgewater and his family (the Egerton’s). The preface also states Masque’s â€Å"elevated conception of chastity was meant to disassociate the Egerton family from scandal†, such scandal being the Second Earl of Castlehaven’s (the brother-in-law of Bridgewater’s wife) indiscretions against his wife and female servants.This information provides readers a possible reason for Milton’s strong concern with chastity in Masque. Another possible reason could have been a commissioned purpose to aid the Earl of Bridgewater, and newly appointed Lord President of the Council of Wa les, to establish a credible and respectable impression and reputation. Milton accomplished this with basing the characters of Masque off of the Earl’s children with his two sons being the brothers in the play and with his daughter being the Lady, the cherished virgin of the play, although this basis was never clearly tated thereby remaining allegorical. When readers first encounter the Lady, she has become separated from her brothers and is lost wandering through the woods. She calls out welcoming â€Å"pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope†¦[and the] unblemished form of Chastity† to protect her through her excursion. Her choice of aid represents her regard for chastity; she places it in alliance with hope and faith, two aspects connected to religion and of high importance. Not only does the Lady place superior significance on chastity, but she herself is the personification of it.Readers can truly comprehend Milton’s perspective towards chastity specifically in the passage spoken by the Elder Brother (lines 420-475). Within this passage, the Elder Brother speaks of the honor and power that comes with a woman being chaste; he is referring to his sister, â€Å"She that has that, is clad in complete steel†¦ no savage fierce, bandit, or mountaineer will dare to soil her virgin purity†. The Lady is chaste, furthermore she is chastity, she has the protection which being so provides.Forms of evil will avoid her for that is to how far of an extreme virginity is held, that not even evil would take the risk of violating a woman’s purity. The Lady is free to roam the forest and â€Å"pass on with unblenched majesty†. She does not have to fret or fear any that may cross her path for none â€Å"hath hurtful power o’er true virginity†. Virginity, chastity, purity are the ultimate powers, the ultimate protection for a woman against harm to her body and her soul.Continuing with the passage of the Elder Brother, he also goes on to elaborate on what occurs when chastity is lost. He refers to the physical act of a woman losing her virginity (having sex) as letting in the â€Å"defilement to the inward parts†. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, defile means to bruise or maul and defilement as the act of being defiled therefore the act of being bruised or mauled; the use of this word to describe sex gives it an animalistic twist, a savage perspective.This causes sex to be viewed as an act too undignified and somewhat immoral to be committed by humans. Even religiously, sex is only meant for the purpose of procreating life, not as a means of pleasure. The Lady, being the personification of chastity, upholds all that is pure and denounces the vile obscenities caused by liberal sexuality: â€Å"that which is not good, is not delicious to a well-governed and wise appetite†. Her logic being that to those who have faith and cherish chastity would not fall to evil temptation and sexual urges.Those aforementioned evil temptations and sexual urges are what the character of Comus symbolizes. Instantly when Comus learns the existence of the Lady, once he hears her song, he is automatically drawn to her. Comus claims to have never heard â€Å"such sober certainty of waking bliss†; the sound he has heard is that of the Lady therefore bring the sound of true purity. Comus is instinctively attracted to the Lady and proclaims â€Å"she shall be [his] queen†. This attraction is an instinct, same as good versus evil or ying and yang; it is a balance of positive and negative forces.With the Lady being chastity in corporeal form and Comus being the personification of temptation, it is no surprise for Comus to desire to conquer the Lady and make her his wife thereby taking away her virginity. No longer being chaste, the Lady would then belong to him symbolizing purity falling for temptation. Comus attempts to entice the Lady by urging her to â€Å"be not coy, and be not cozened with that same vaunted name Virginity/ Beauty is Nature’s coin, must not be hoarded/ But must be current, and the good thereof/ Consists in mutual and partaken bliss†.Comus refers to virginity as vaunted, meaning it is a trait only desired for bragging of its possession; he does not hold it in high esteem such as the Lady whom places it next to hope and faith; Comus places it next to vanity, which is a deadly sin, therefore supporting his purpose of symbolizing evil and temptation. Milton utilizes various allusions to mythological accounts to support his extreme importance placed on chastity. He even states, â€Å"Do ye believe me yet, or shall I call/ Antiquity from the old schools of Greece to testify the arms of Chastity? . An example of such is when the Lady had been found captured and the Attendant Spirit called upon the Sabrina, Goddess of the river, for assistance to release the Lady from her entrapment. Sabrina fell victim to the jealous y of her stepmother and was thrown into the river; however since she was a â€Å"virgin pure†, the sea god Nereus took pity upon her and ordered her â€Å"quick immortal change’ into a river goddess while still maintaining her â€Å"maiden gentleness†.This allusion provides evidence of the power of virginity; due to Sabrina being chaste was she rewarded with immortality and an opportunity to remain in the mortal realm and utilize her newly-appointed power to aid those maidens in peril. Also, Sabrina retained her â€Å"maiden gentleness† meaning, although she is no longer considered a virgin for she is an immortal, she remains chaste; she remains untouched and pure and â€Å"un-defiled† as Milton would suggest. Sabrina’s purpose is to â€Å"help ensnared Chastity†, a reference towards the Lady, and therefore liberates the Lady with the touch of her â€Å"chaste palms†.Milton assures he refers to Sabrina’s palms as  "chaste† continuing with his constant and repetitive emphasis on the virtue of chastity. Whether the reason for Milton’s strong concern with chastity in Masque was a commissioned service or to convey personal views, the emphasis of chastity is still the main topic of this short play. With the use of allusions to mythological historical accounts and personification, Milton emphasizes the sacredness of virginity and the power it holds.In Masque, Milton creates a world in which chastity makes a woman close to, if not completely, invincible. She may roam through dangerous settings with no fear for evil itself is not courageous enough to dare place chastity at risk; she has the protection of Gods and Goddesses at her disposal if help is needed; if death were to occur, she has the chance of becoming rewarded with immortality or automatically be held in praise for having remained a virgin through life.Same as chastity is acclaimed, sexuality is denounced. Sexuality is made to appear animalistic, savage, vile, a complete dishonor. A woman who gives in into her sexual curiosity is doomed in life and considered a sinner in the next. She loses the virtues associated with chastity and becomes a victim of her own unwise decision to not hold virginity as sacred therefore constituting chastity as the dominating power sexuality must succumb to.

Analyse the UK shower industry, value proposition of Quartz-Aqualisa’s revolutionary shower, marketing strategies employed by Aqualisa

This document analyses the UK shower industry, value proposition of Quartz-Aqualisa's revolutionary shower, marketing strategies employed by Aqualisa and suggests ways to make them more effective. The UK Shower Market – Product Offers and the Customer Behaviour The current market size of all different kinds of showers offered in UK was more than 1.8 million units valuing more than à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 Billion.1 Only 60% of the bathrooms in UK had a shower whereas all bathrooms had a bathtub. Prevalent problems in plumbing systems and showers The plumbing in UK was predominantly of the Victorian era. These systems were gravity fed which resulted in non uniform pressure and flow resulting in temperature fluctuations. The flow rates were around 3-4 litres per minute against the standard flow rates of 18 litres per minute in the USA. Also the showers broke down frequently and were difficult to repair as the seals used to get jammed and needed replacement. The replacement of the broken/worn down showers accounted for nearly 50% market.2 The users were having poor knowledge about the showers, available brands and options. These problems influenced the UK shower market and therefore shaped the consumer behaviour and the products available in the market. Market Segments The shower market can be broadly segmented in two categories – User and Non-Users. Refer Appendix Exhibit 1. USERS Premium users looked for style, performance, service and life. Standard users looked for performance, life and service of the shower. Value users looked for price, convenience and models that did not require major excavation and modifications in their bathrooms. NON-USERS Plumbers: Plumbers interacted through variety of ways with the end users- directly or indirectly. They maintained strong relationships with the manufacturers of the showers. They played a key role in the sale of the showers.3 Developers : They were the property developers in the UK. They preferred reliable showers which could work under multiple settings. They were price sensitive. They had direct contacts with the manufacturers or depended on the independent plumbers. DIY: These are large retail outlets which targeted customers who are primarily looking for ease of installation and inexpensive models. There were substantial sales taking place through this channel.4 Different Models and the Product Offers Based on the problems that existed, the market segmentation and the factors influencing decision making, three main types of showers were available in the market – Electric Showers, Mixer Showers and the Power Showers. They were targeted at different market segments under different brand names by manufactures. Quartz Value Proposition There will be two Value Propositions Statements5 based on the market segmentation – one for Users and the other one for Non Users. Refer Appendix Exhibit 3 It is considered that the Quartz Showers will be chosen over the competitive Mixer and the Power Showers. This is because of- Superior Design: Quartz range was designed to overcome the limitations of the Mixer and Power Showers, therefore in long term they will replace them completely. Current market share:6 Aqualisa has only 20 % and 16.7% of the current market share in the mixer showers and the power showers category. It is ranked 2nd and 5th respectively in these two categories. These two sectors offer the maximum growth potential and possibility of capturing new market share. Total costs:7 The initial cost of the Quartz showers are higher than both the Mixer Shower and the Power Showers, however installation of Mixer Showers require additional expenditure. It needs 2 man-days of the plumber which costs atleast 640à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (considering à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½40 per hour and 8 hours per day). Additionally, the plumbers charge the cost of excavation- labour and materials extra. Therefore the total costs of ownership of Quartz Standard showers turn out to be cheaper. Multiple Brand Strategy: Gainsborough, Aqualisa and ShowerMax Based on the market segmentation shown above, Aqualisa uses three different brands to position and serve its target markets optimally. The use of different brands is a positioning policy so that Aqualisa can determine its Marketing Mix8 for each target market segment in order to occupy a clear, distinctive and attractive position in the minds of the consumers relative to the competing brands and products.9 It is made clear from the figure below that the three different brands (shown by different colours) have three different products, price range, promotional channels and distribution channels. The Marketing Framework10 – Positioning Strategy and 4Ps Quartz : Mainstream or Niche Aqualisa spent nearly à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.8 Million over a period of 3 years to develop Quartz. This is close to 10% of the total revenue generated by the firm in the year 2000.11 Additional modules could be built upon the existing Quartz installations to provide sophisticated features with customised benefits e.g. horizontal Body Jet. The heavy expense, scalable plug-ins and the lower total costs of ownership suggest that Quartz was designed to be a mainstream product. Quartz – Why are they not selling? The sales of Quartz are not picking up for number of reasons: 1. Rogers Five Factors12 determine the rate of acceptance of an innovation in a market place. These Five Factors are relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. Quartz scored low on the compatibility because the plumbers who were selling and influencing the buying decisions of the consumers, were vary of use of electronics in the showers. Also, Aqualisa was not effectively offering trials/demonstrations to its users (except through showrooms) and plumbers in its marketing strategy and therefore loosing sales. Whenever, the plumber or the consumer was getting a demonstration it was resulting in a sale. 2. Associated Cost Savings: The lower total costs of ownerships were not clearly communicated to the plumbers and the end users to mitigate reluctance due to the higher initial price of Quartz. 3. Plumber mindset and long adoption times: No explicit efforts were taken to educate the plumbers. They were only communicated verbally about the additional benefits of the Quartz, however no workshops or trainings were carried out to overcome the reluctance of the plumbers. 4. Lack of clarity in the sales team and conflicting brands resulting in lower sales. The sales team lacked clarity on which product it had to promote- Quartz or the mainstream products-Aquavalve and Aquastream. Infact, Rawlinson and the national sales manager Tim Pestell had different views on Quartz' mainstream or niche nature. This resulted in lower push from sales team. 5. Only 10% of their time was devoted by Sales team on new prospects. This meant that they were limiting themselves to a smaller group of potential buyers. 6. Awareness: There were little actions taken to spread the benefits and the wow factor of the Quartz shower to the end consumers apart from a weekly advertisement in The Mail. What should Rawlinson do? To increase sales, it is necessary to understand the Decision Making Process (DMP)13 of the target market segments. The DMP of the users and the plumbers are different. For DIY and Developers, we would need to establish a separate strategy. Mapping the DMP Plumbers Users – Premium, Standard Unaware Unaware Awareness Awareness Reluctance Demonstration Trial Knowledge of benefits Purchase Purchase Positive Attitude/Reference Repeat Based on the DMP, our Marketing and Communications Strategy should be to increase awareness and trial/demonstrations. Further, the strategy should be based on the 6Ms model14 to consider all the aspects and maximize the output. 6Ms Model 1. Market: We have not targeting the user-value segment since it is not suitable for Quartz. 2. Mission: To achieve a sale of at least 100 units per day in the next 3-4 months to bring Quartz in the mainstream segment. The maximum time available till another competitor catches up with the innovation is estimated to be 2 years. 3. Message: The message has to be different for the Plumbers and the Users. The different messages will be the statement of benefits that are spelled out in the Value Proposition of Quartz. Refer Appendix Exhibit 2. 4. Media: 4.1 Advertising: Full fledged advertisement campaign have high costs15. Therefore advertisement expenditure will be limited. However, a new and cost effective media can be the back of the Shower Gel Bottles. This way Aqualisa will be able to reach the users and even the non-user market very effectively. A small pilot test can be carried out immediately to determine its possible impact and its cost. Internet advertisement is also an effective and a cheaper way to reach the end users. The Pay per click concept will help keep the advertising costs down. 4.2 Sales Team: A change in the marketing structure of Aqualisa is needed so that greater focus can be given on each channel. The suggested marketing structure is shown in Appendix Exhibit 4. 4.3 Channel Management & Sales Promotion: This is based on giving incentives and forming stronger commercial relationships with the channel partners to push16 the Quartz through different channels available. Plumbers: > Launch Event: Organise a launch cum training event for one full day where plumbers from different locations can be brought together and explained about the product. This should include a hands on training program so that they realise the ease and get rid of any misconceptions. This can be repeated if required. > Plumber Loyalty Program & Commissions: Plumbers association with Aqualisa can be made official. Plumbers can be given commission for every sale of Quartz. This will immediately get their attention and help eliminate any doubts. While advertising Quartz directly to the users, their names can appear as the list of authorised plumbers to fit/sell Quartz in the specific territory. In return, a small fee can be charged to them for their official partnership. > References: Aqualisa can use references from respected plumbers to endorse the credibility of Quartz. > Going beyond the existing associated plumbers: To look and expand beyond the already known plumbers. Trade Shops: > Videos showing the entire installation process in a step wise manner and the associated cost savings to plumbers. > Early discounts: In-order to keep their commitment towards Quartz, certain Early Discounts schemes may be offered. > Training the Trade Shop staff to sell on Associated Cost Savings for the plumbers. The trade shop staff should be able to explain Quartz' benefits and how it is different from the earlier failed showers which used electronics. > Expand to other Trade Shops: Increase coverage to newer trade shops and territories. Showrooms & Distributors: > Expand to untapped Showrooms & Distributors in new geographies without conflicting the existing ones. > Early discounts 4.4 Integrated Marketing: Aqualisa's direct communication with end user should not result in direct business. The sales to the end users must be routed through authorised channels of showrooms and plumbers. Also the retail pricing for the plumbers and the showrooms will have to be same and fixed to avoid under-cutting. The idea is to create customer awareness and to use the Pull Strategy through either of the two channels. This will keep the current relationship with the channel partners intact. 5. Money: The entire Marketing communication and promotion strategy has been designed such that the initial cash outflow is less. Refer Appendix Exhibit 5 6. Measurement: It is extremely important to monitor closely how sales are picking up after taking all the initiatives. The restructuring of the marketing department suggested will help. Daily reports with key facts and figures will be made available to the Rawlinson who can then take suitable actions. Stripped down version for the Developers & DIY Aqualisa should develop a stripped down version of the Quartz for the DIY and Developers market(brand it under their existing Gainsborough & ShowerMax brands). Branding it under a different name will keep their Aqualisa brand intact. The fact that Quartz will become a platform on for subsequent hi-end solutions, it is recommended to concentrate on higher volumes than margins initially. Conclusion Close monitoring and implementations of the suggested schemes will help Aqualisa increase sales of Quartz to achieve its mainstream status. Appendix Exhibit 1 : Market Segment Exhibit 2: Various shower categories, Aqualisa's Offerings and the Channels used by them. Exhibit 3: Value Proposition of Quartz. Exhibit 4 : New Sales & Marketing Department Structure. Exhibit 5 : Marketing Communication and Promotion Expenditure. Exhibit 1: Market Segment UK Shower Market Segment Exhibit 3: Value Proposition of Quartz Value Proposition Statement17 for USERS Premium and Standard category Users who need bathroom showers will buy Quartz Standard Shower and Quartz Pumped Shower because it delivers water at good and stable pressures and temperatures, it is easy to use, it does not break down and has stunning looks. They will choose this over the Mixer and the Power Showers of other players such as Mira, Masco, Ideal Standard and Triton because we can uniquely offer remotely located water mixing mechanism that is electronically controlled and superior design from our focus on innovation, state art of testing facilities and engineering development team. Value Proposition Statement for NON USERS Plumbers who sell and influence buying decisions of bathroom showers will buy and recommend Quartz Standard Shower and Quartz Pumped Shower because it is easy to install, can be installed four times faster, does not need any excavation, offer a 5 year parts warranty, does not go wrong and need a second free visit. They will choose this over the Mixer and the Power Showers of other players such as Mira, Masco, Ideal Standard and Triton because we can uniquely offer remotely located water mixing mechanism that is electronically controlled and superior design from our focus on innovation, state art of testing facilities and engineering development team. Exhibit 4 : New Sales & Marketing Department Structure. Exhibit 5 : Marketing Communication and Promotion Expenditure. Less focus is given on advertisement and more focus is given on the push strategies. This way the maximum proportion of the marketing promotion expenditure occurs after the actual sales occur. Marketing Communications Media Expenditure type – Before / After Sale 1. Advertising on Shower Gels Before 2. Advertising on Internet (pay per click) Before the sale, but charged only on click not for placements 3. Advertising in Newspapers Before 4. Sales Restructuring – Extra Mktg. executives Before, however they will be used for closer monitoring of the implementation schemes and to push other products also. 5. Channels – Plumbers Commission After Plumber Loyalty Program Before Launch Event Before Trade Shops Early Discounts After Trade shops – staff training costs Before Showrooms – Early Discounts After Only in cases of Launch event and training programs there can be a substantial outflow earlier, however this is absolutely necessary to increase awareness in the Plumbers.